Glossary
Definitions obtained directly from Wikipedia.
Apomorphic: Apomorphic features are those possessed by a group of biological organisms that distinguish those organisms from others descended from the same ancestor. The term is taken from the Greek apo, ‘from’ or ‘away’, and morphe, ‘form’, and means ‘new-featured’. It refers to‘derived’ characters which have appeared during the course of evolution. Apomorphic features may be autapomorphic (uniquely derived) or synapomorphic (shared-derived).
ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomorphic
Bathypelagic: The region of the sea where no light penetrates; it is situated beneath the euphotic zone.The bathypelagic zone contains no algae or phytoplankton, and its inhabitants are exclusively carnivorous animals or organisms that feed on sediment or detritus, all reliant on energy inputs from the euphotic zone. It extends downwards from a depth of about 1000m, or less in turbid waters, and includes the abyssal zone.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypelagic
Diatoms: Unicellular organism of the kingdom Protista, characterized by a silica shell of often intricate and beautiful sculpturing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatoms
Diazotrophic: Bacteria and archaea that fix atmospheric nitrogen gas into a more usable form such as ammonia.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotroph
Dinoflagellates: Unicellularorganism of the kingdom Protista. Many dinoflagellates are known to be photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey. Dinoflagellates are the largest group of marine eukaryotes aside from the diatoms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinoflagellates
Epipelagic: This is theilluminated zone at the surface of the sea where there is enough light forphotosynthesis. Nearly all primary production in the ocean occurs here.Consequently, plants and animals are largely concentrated in this zone.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipelagic#Epipelagic_.28sunlit.29
Euthecosomatous forms: Taxonomicunit used to classify holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs within the clade thecosomata. Retains shell throughout life cycle.
Metazoans: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile,meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals are also heterotrophs, meaning they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metazoa
Neritic: The neritic zone,also called coastal waters, the coastal ocean or the sublittoral zone, is the part of the ocean extending from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf, with a relatively shallow depth extending to about 200 meters(109 fathoms or 656 feet). The neritic zone has generally well-oxygenated water, low water pressure, and relatively stable temperature and salinity levels. These, combined with presence of light and the resulting photosynthetic life, such as phytoplankton and floating sargassum, make the neritic zone the location of the majority of sea life.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neritic
Oligotrophic: An oligotrophis an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients. They may be contrasted with copiotrophs, which prefer nutritionally rich environments. Oligotrophs are characterized by slow growth, low rates of metabolism, and generally low population density.The adjective oligotrophic may be used to refer to environments that offer little to sustain life,organisms that survive in such environments, or the adaptations that support survival. Etymologically, the word "oligoptroph" is a combination of the Greek adjective oligos (ὀλίγος)meaning "few" and the adjective trophikos (τροφικός) meaning"feeding".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligotrophic
Pallial cavity: The mantle(also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe orcloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs:it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral massand usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral massitself. The mantle cavity is a central feature of molluscan biology.This cavity is formed by the mantle skirt, a double fold of mantle whichencloses a water space.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallial_cavity
Phototaxis: Locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves in response to the stimulus of light. This is advantageous for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of increasing light intensity and negative if the direction is opposite.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototaxis
Radiolarians: Amoeboid protozoa (diameter 0.1-0.2 mm) that produce intricate mineral skeletons,typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into inner and outer portions, called endoplasm and ectoplasm. They are found as zooplankton throughout the ocean, and their skeletal remains cover large portions of the ocean bottom as radiolarian ooze.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarians
Synapomorphic: In cladistics, a synapomorphy or synapomorphic character is a trait that is shared ("symmorphy") by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose own ancestor in turn does not possess the trait. A synapomorphy is thus an apomorphy visible in multiple taxa, where the trait in question originates in their last common ancestor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapomorphy
Type: In biology, a type is one particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organismto which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralize the defining features of that particular taxon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_%28biology%29
Veliger: A veliger is the planktonic larva of many kinds of marine and freshwater gastropod molluscs, as well as most bivalve molluscs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliger
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