References & Links

Ballarin, L, Franchini, A, Ottaviani, E & Sabbadin A 2001, 'Morula cells as the major immunomodulatory hemocytes in ascidians: evidences from the colonial species Botryllus schlosseri', The Biological Bulletin, Vol. 201, pp. 59-64.

Bourque, D, Davidson, J, MacNair, N, Arsenault, G, LeBlanc, AR, Landry, T & Miron, G 2007, 'Reproduction and early life history of an invasive ascidian Styela clava Herdman in Prince Edward Island, Canada', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 342, pp. 78-84.

Brien, P., Caullery, M., Cuénot, L.,Dalcq, A., Dawydoff, C., Drach, P., Harant, H. & Waterlot, G. (1948). In:Grassé, P.-P. (Dir.). ‘Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie(Tome XI – Echinodermes – Stomocordés – Procordés)’. Masson et Cie (Eds.)Libraires de l’Académie de Médecine, Paris.

Davidson, B & Swalla, BJ 2002, 'A molecular analysis of ascidian metamorphosis reveals activation of an innate immune response', The Company of Biologists.

Jeffery, WR 1997, 'Evolution of Ascidian Development', BioScience, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 417-425.

Kott, P 1985, ‘The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1,Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, Memoirs of Queensland Museum, Vol. 23, pp. 1–440

Peterson, JK 2006, 'Ascidian Suspension Feeding', Journal of experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 342, pp. 127-137.

Roberts, B, Davidson, B, MasMaster, G, Lockhart, V, Ma, E, Wallace, SS & Swalla, BJ, 'A complement response may activate metamorphosis in the ascidian Boltenia villosa', Development genes and evolution, Vol. 217, pp. 449-458.

Rupert, EE, Fox, RS & Barnes, RD 2004, Invertebrate Zoology, Seventh Edition, Thomson brooks/cole.

http://www.ascidians.com

http://www.sealifebase.org

http://www.sms.si.edu/irlfieldguide/AscidianBiol.htm