References

ALINO, P. M. & COLL, J. C. 1989. Observations of the Synchronized MassSpawning and Post Settlement Activity of Octocorals on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia: Biological Aspects. Bulletinof Marine Science, 45, 697-697.

ARATAKE, S., TOMURA, T.,SAITOH, S., YOKOKURA, R., KAWANISHI, Y., SHINJO, R., REIMER, J. D., TANAKA, J.& MAEKAWA, H. 2012. Soft coral Sarcophyton (Cnidaria: Anthozoa:Octocorallia) species diversity and chemotypes. 7, e30410.

BENGTSON, S. 1981.Atractosella, a Silurian Alcyonacean Octocoral. Journal of Paleontology, 55,281-294.

CERVINO, J. M., HAUFF, B.,HASLUN, J. A., WINIARSKI-CERVINO, K., CAVAZOS, M., LAWTHER, P., WIER, A. M.,HUGHEN, K. & STRYCHAR, K. B. 2012. Ulcerated yellow spot syndrome:implications of aquaculture-related pathogens associated with soft coralSarcophyton ehrenbergi tissue lesions. Diseasesof aquatic organisms, 102,137-148.

CHAVANICH, S., VIYAKARN, V.,LOYJIW, T., PATTARATAMRONG, P. & CHANKONG, A. 2009. Mass bleaching of softcoral, Sarcophyton spp. in Thailand and the role of temperature and salinitystress. ICES Journal of Marine Science:Journal du Conseil, 66,1515-1519.

DALY, M., BRUGLER, M. R.,CARTWRIGHT, P., COLLINS, A. G., DAWSON, M. N., FAUTIN, D. G., FRANCE, S. C.,MCFADDEN, C. S., OPRESKO, D. M. & RODRIGUEZ, E. 2007. The phylum Cnidaria:a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127-182.

FABRICIUS, K., ALDERSLADE, P.& AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE, S. 2001. Soft corals and sea fans: a comprehensive guide to the tropical shallowwater genera of the central-west Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, Townsville,Qld, Australian Institute of Marine Science.

FABRICIUS, K. E. 1995. Slowpopulation turnover in the soft coral genera Sinularia and Sarcophyton on mid- andouter-shelf reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 126, 145-152.

FABRICIUS, K. E. & DE'ATH,G. 2008. PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYMBIONTS AND ENERGY SUPPLY DETERMINE OCTOCORALBIODIVERSITY IN CORAL REEFS. Ecology,89, 3163-3173.

FABRICIUS, K. E. & KLUMPP,D. W. 1995. Widespread mixotrophy in reef-inhabiting soft corals:the influenceof depth, and colony expansion and contraction on photosynthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 125, 195-204.

FIGUEIREDO, B. G. F. C. C. T.D. 2000. Effect of nutrient enrichment on the complementary (secondary)metabolite composition of the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi (Cnidaria:Octocorallia: Alcyonaceae) of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Biology, 136,63-68.

FINNERTY, J. R., PANG, K.,BURTON, P., PAULSON, D. & MARTINDALE, M. Q. 2004. Origins of BilateralSymmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone. Science, 304, 1335-1337.

FOX, R. S., RUPPERT, E. E.& BARNES, R. D. 2004. Invertebratezoology: a functional evolutionary approach, Belmont, Calif, Thomson-Brooks/Cole.

HUTCHINGS, P., KINGSFORD, M.,HOEGH-GULDBERG, O. & PUBLISHING, C. 2008. The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management, Melbourne,CSIRO PUBLISHING.

KAHNG, S. E., BENAYAHU, Y.& LASKER, H. R. 2011. Sexual reproduction in octocorals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 443, 265-283.

KREMIEN, M., SHAVIT, U., MASS,T. & GENIN, A. 2013. Benefit of pulsation in soft corals. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America, 110, 8978.

MAJORAN, S. 1987. Structuralinvestigations of octocoral sclerites. ZoologicaScripta, 16, 277-287.

MATHER, P. & BENNETT, I.1984. A Coral reef handbook: a guide tothe fauna, flora and geology of Heron Island and adjacent reefs and cays, Brisbane,Australian Coral Reef Society.

MATUS, D. Q., PANG, K., MARLOW,H., DUNN, C. W., THOMSEN, G. H. & MARTINDALE, M. Q. 2006. Molecularevidence for deep evolutionary roots of bilaterality in animal development. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, 103, 11195-11200.

MCFADDEN, C. S., ALDERSLADE,P., VAN OFWEGEN, L. P., JOHNSEN, H. & RUSMEVICHIENTONG, A. 2006.Phylogenetic relationships within the tropical soft coral genera Sarcophytonand Lobophytum (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). InvertebrateBiology, 125, 288-305.

RAO, D. V., KAMLA, D. &ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF, I. 2003. Studies onthe soft corals (Octocorallia : Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, Kolkata,The Survey.

SALVINI‐PLAWEN, L. V. 1978. Onthe origin and evolution of the lower Metazoa. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 16, 40-87.

SAMMARCO, P. W. & COLL, J.C. 1992. Chemical adaptations in the Octocorallia: evolutionary considerations.Marine Ecology Progress Series, 88, 93-104.

SAMMARCO, P. W. & STRYCHAR,K. B. 2013. Responses to high seawater temperatures in zooxanthellateoctocorals. PloS one, 8, e54989.

SCHLICHTER, D. 1982. EpidermalNutrition of the Alcyonarian Heteroxenia fuscescens (Ehrb.): Absorption ofDissolved Organic Material and Lost Endogenous Photosynthates. Oecologia, 53, 40-49.

SETHMANN, I., HELBIG, U. &WÖRHEIDE, G. 2007. Octocoral sclerite ultrastructures and experimental approachto underlying biomineralisation principles. 9, 1262.

SHAKER, K. H., MÜLLER, M.,GHANI, M. A., DAHSE, H.-M. & SEIFERT, K. 2010. Terpenes from the softcorals Litophyton arboreum and Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Chemistry & biodiversity 7,2007.

SPRUNG, J. 1999. Corals: a quick reference guide, CoconutGrove, Flo, Ricordea Publishing.

STRYCHAR, K. B., COATES, M.,SAMMARCO, P. W., PIVA, T. J. & SCOTT, P. T. 2005. Loss of Symbiodinium frombleached soft corals Sarcophyton ehrenbergi, Sinularia sp. and Xenia sp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology andEcology, 320, 159-177.

TENTORI, E. & VAN OFWEGEN,L. P. 2011. Patterns of distribution of calcite crystals in soft coralssclerites. Journal of Morphology, 272, 614-628.

WILLIAMS, G. C. 1993. Coral reef octocorals: an illustrated guideto the soft corals, sea fans, and sea pens inhabiting the coral reefs ofnorthern Natal, Durban, South Africa, Durban Natural Science Museum.

Links