Biological invaders are a threat to many Australian Gastropods (Freeman, 2012). They alter the evolutionary and ecological conditions of native communities (Cox 2004; Strauss, 2006). Direct interactions form the invaders include competition and predation which gastropods must deal with by inducing behavioral and morphological responses (Cox 2004; Phillips and Shine 2004; Strauss, 2006). However, because gastropods and the invasive species usually do not share a common evolutionary history, the gastropod may not be able to express appropriate behavioral or morphological responses to the invasive species and thus releasing the invading species from its ecological limitations.(Cox and Lima 2006; Rehage, 2009; Sax, 2007; Strauss, 2006).
Because Turbo undulatus live on intertidal rocky habitats (Hickman & McLean, 1990), they share the coast with humans making anthropogenic effects and on their aquatic system inevitable. Many anthropogenic activities adversely affect the habitat of these coastal gastropods (Bernot, 2012). For example, chemical contaminants are increasing in aquatic systems and may causes acute toxic effects and low-exposure chronic effects resulting in altered species interaction(Bernot, 2012).
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