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Content Summary | Cyclicity
Egg
After copulation, each individual becomes to be capable to lay egg ribbons (Coleman 2008). The egg ribbons of yellow-daubed Gymnodoris has not been described yet but nudibranch Gymnodoris striata is known to lay cylindrical egg ribbon (Sea Slug Forum 1999). In most case, egg ribbons are laid close to food sources which are species specific (Coleman 2008). Parent nudibranch usually do not protect the eggs but the eggs normally contain toxic substance to avoid predation (Coleman 2008).
Larval stage
The trochophore larval stage is suppressed and even passed during the egg stage for nudibranchs (Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004).
The veliger larval stage follows after tochophore stage and this stage is characterized by unique swimming organ called velum (Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004). Larvae use this organ to swim in water column which is major differences between larval stage and juvenile and adult stage (Sea Slug Forum).
Juvenile stage
After veliger larval stage, nudibranchs settle to habitat (Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004). This is critical stage because each species has specific habitat. Larvae response to specific cue for settlement and metamorphose into adult form (Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004).
Reproduction
As all nudibranchs are so, yellow-daubed Gymnodoris is also hermaphrodites so once they meet and recognize each other that they are the same species, they start copulation (Colman 2008). Copulation of yellow-daubed Gymnodoris has not been described yet but they stared mating during the experiment.
   
The first picture shows that one yellow-daubed Gymnodoris recognized other individual of the same species and trying to mate with it. The second photo indicates the copulation of yellow-daubed Gymnodoris. Third picture is another pair of nudibranchs which were copulating but this pair was doing double-copulation. The last picture shows the close view of connection of penis-like organ.
Each individual fertilized after copulation and becomes to be capable to lay egg ribbons (Coleman 2008). |
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